Table of Contents

Article I There is Only One God
Article II By What Means God is Made Known unto Us
Article III The Written Word of God
Article IV Canonical Books of the Holy Scripture
Article V Whence the Holy Scriptures Derive Their Dignity and Authority
Article VI The Difference between the Canonical and Apocryphal Books
Article VII The Sufficiency of the Holy Scriptures to be the Only Rule of Faith
Article VIII God is One in Essence, Yet Distinguished in Three Persons
Article IX The Proof of the Foregoing Article of the Trinity of Persons in One God
Article X Jesus Christ is True and Eternal God
Article XI The Holy Spirit is True and Eternal God
Article XII The Creation of All Things, Especially the Angels
Article XIII The Providence of God and His Government of All Things
Article XIV The Creation and Fall of Man, and His Incapacity to Perform What is Truly Good
Article XV Original Sin
Article XVI Eternal Election
Article XVII The Recovery of Fallen Man
Article XVIII The Incarnation of Jesus Christ
Article XIX The Union and Distinction of the Two Natures in the Person of Christ
Article XX God Has Manifested His Justice and Mercy in Christ
Article XXI The Satisfaction of Christ, Our Only High Priest, for Us
Article XXII Our Justification Through Faith in Jesus Christ
Article XXIII Wherein Our Justification before God Consists
Article XXIV Mans Sanctification and Good Works
Article XXV The Abolishing of the Ceremonial Law
Article XXVI Christs Intercession
Article XXVII The Catholic Christian Church
Article XXVIII Every One is Bound to Join Himself to the True Church
Article XXIX The Marks of the True Church, and Wherein it Differs from the False Church
Article XXX The Government of the Church and its Officers
Article XXXI The Ministers, Elders and Deacons
Article XXXII The Order and Discipline of the Church
Article XXXIII The Sacraments
Article XXXIV Holy Baptism
Article XXXV The Holy Supper of Our Lord Jesus Christ
Article XXXVI The Magistracy (Civil Government)
Article XXXVII The Last Judgment

Article I
There Is Only One God

We all believe with the heart and confess with the mouth that there is one only simple and spiritual
Being, which we call God; and that He is eternal, incomprehensible, invisible, immutable, infinite,
almighty, perfectly wise, just, good, and the overflowing fountain of all good. [Return to Contents]

Article II
By What Means God Is Made Known unto Us

We know Him by two means: First, by the creation, preservation, and government of the universe;
which is before our eyes as a most elegant book, wherein all creatures, great and small, are as so
many characters leading us to see clearly the invisible things of God, even his everlasting
power and divinity, as the apostle Paul says (Rom. 1:20). All which things are sufficient to
convince men and leave them without excuse. Second, He makes Himself more clearly and fully
known to us by His holy and divine Word, that is to say, as far as is necessary for us to know in
this life, to His glory and our salvation. [Return to Contents]

Article III
The Written Word of God

We confess that this Word of God was not sent nor delivered by the will of man, but that men
spake from God, being moved by the Holy Spirit, as the apostle Peter says; and that afterwards
God, from a special care which He has for us and our salvation, commanded His servants, the
prophets and apostles, to commit His revealed word to writing; and He Himself wrote with His
own finger the two tables of the law. Therefore we call such writings holy and divine Scriptures.
[Return to Contents]

Article IV
Canonical Books of the Holy Scripture

We believe that the Holy Scriptures are contained in two books, namely, the Old and the New
Testament, which are canonical, against which nothing can be alleged. These are thus named in the
Church of God.

The books of the Old Testament are the five books of Moses, to wit: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,
Numbers, Deuteronomy; the book of Joshua, Judges, Ruth, the two books of Samuel, the two of
the Kings, two books of the Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther; Job, the Psalms, the three books
of Solomon, namely, the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs; the four great prophets,
Isaiah, Jeremiah (Lamentations), Ezekiel, and Daniel; and the twelve lesser prophets, namely,
Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah,
and Malachi.

Those of the New Testament are the four evangelists, to wit: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John; the
Acts of the Apostles; the thirteen epistles of the apostle Paul, namely, one to the Romans, two to
the Corinthians, one to the Galatians, one to the Ephesians, one to the Philippians, one to the
Colossians, two to the Thessalonians, two to Timothy, one to Titus, one to Philemon; Hebrews;
the seven epistles of the other apostles, namely, one of James, two of Peter, three of John, one of
Jude; and the Revelation of the apostle John. [Return to Contents]

Article V
Whence the Holy Scriptures Derive Their Dignity and Authority

We receive all these books, and these only, as holy and canonical, for the regulation, foundation,
and confirmation of our faith; believing without any doubt all things contained in them, not so much
because the Church receives and approves them as such, but more especially because the Holy
Spirit witnesses in our hearts that they are from God, and also because they carry the evidence
thereof in themselves. For the very blind are able to perceive that the things foretold in them are
being fulfilled. [Return to Contents]

Article VI
The Difference Between the Canonical and Apocryphal Books

We distinguish those sacred books from the apocryphal, viz: the third and fourth books of Esdras,
the books of Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Jesus Sirach, Baruch, the Appendix to the book of Esther,
the Song of the Three Children in the Furnace, the History of Susannah, of Bel and the Dragon,
the Prayer of Manasseh, and the two books of the Maccabees. All of which the Church may read
and take instruction from, so far as they agree with the canonical books; but they are far from
having such power and efficacy that we may from their testimony confirm any point of faith or of
the Christian religion; much less may they be used to detract from the authority of the other, that is,
the sacred books. [Return to Contents]

Article VII
The Sufficiency of the Holy Scriptures to Be the Only Rule of Faith

We believe that those Holy Scriptures fully contain the will of God, and that whatsoever man
ought to believe unto salvation is sufficiently taught therein. For since the whole manner of worship
which God requires of us is written in them at large, it is unlawful for any one, though an apostle, to
teach otherwise than we are now taught in the Holy Scriptures: nay, though it were an angel
from heaven, as the apostle Paul says. For since it is forbidden to add unto or take away
anything from the Word of God, it does thereby evidently appear that the doctrine thereof is
most perfect and complete in all respects.

Neither may we consider any writings of men, however holy these men may have been, of equal
value with those divine Scriptures, nor ought we to consider custom, or the great multitude, or
antiquity, or succession of times and persons, or councils, decrees or statutes, as of equal value
with the truth of God, since the truth is above all; for all men are of themselves liars, and more
vain than vanity itself. Therefore we reject with all our hearts whatsoever does not agree with
this infallible rule, as the apostles have taught us, saying, Prove the spirits, whether they are of
God. Likewise: If any one cometh unto you, and bringeth not this teaching, receive him not
into your house. [Return to Contents]

Article VIII
God Is One in Essence, Yet Distinguished in Three Persons

According to this truth and this Word of God, we believe in one only God, who is the one single
essence, in which are three persons, really, truly, and eternally distinct according to their
incommunica ble properties; namely, the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The Father is
the cause, origin, and beginning of all things visible and invisible; the Son is the word, wisdom, and
image of the Father; the Holy Spirit is the eternal power and might, proceeding from the Father
and the Son. Nevertheless, God is not by this distinction divided into three, since the Holy
Scriptures teach us that the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit have each His personality,
distinguished by Their properties; but in such wise that these three persons are but one only God.

Hence, then, it is evident that the Father is not the Son, nor the Son the Father, and likewise the
Holy Spirit is neither the Father nor the Son. Nevertheless, these persons thus distinguished are
not divided, nor intermixed; for the Father has not assumed the flesh, nor has the Holy Spirit, but
the Son only. The Father has never been without His Son, or without His Holy Spirit. For They
are all three co- eternal and co-essential. There is neither first nor last; for They are all three one,
in truth, in power, in goodness, and in mercy. [Return to Contents]

Article IX
The Proof of the Foregoing Article of the Trinity of Persons in One God

All this we know as well from the testimonies of Holy Writ as from their operations, and chiefly by
those we feel in ourselves. The testimonies of the Holy Scriptures that teach us to believe this Holy
Trinity are written in many places of the Old Testament, which are not so necessary to enumerate
as to choose them out with discretion and judgment.

In Genesis, chap. 1:26, 27, God says: Let us make man in our image, after our likeness, etc.
And God created man in his own image, male and female created he them. And Gen. 3:22,
Behold, the man is become as one of us. From this saying, Let us make man in our image, it
appears that there are more persons than one in the Godhead; and when He says, God created,
He signifies the unity. It is true, He does not say how many persons there are, but that which
appears to us somewhat obscure in the Old Testament is very plain in the New. For when our
Lord was baptized in Jordan, the voice of the Father was heard, saying, This is my beloved Son;
the Son was seen in the water, and the Holy Spirit appeared in the shape of a dove. This form is
also instituted by Christ in the baptism of all believers: Make disciples of all the nations,
baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. In the
Gospel of Luke the angel Gabriel thus addressed Mary, the mother of our Lord: The Holy Spirit
shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee; wherefore
also the holy thing which is begotten shall be called the Son of God. Likewise: The grace of
the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit, be with
you all. And (A.V.): There are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and
the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.

In all these places we are fully taught that there are three persons in one only divine essence. And
although this doctrine far surpasses all human understanding, nevertheless we now believe it by
means of the Word of God, but expect hereafter to enjoy the perfect knowledge and benefit
thereof in heaven.

Moreover, we must observe the particular offices and operations of these three persons towards
us. The Father is called our Creator, by His power; the Son is our Savior and Redeemer, by His
blood; the Holy Spirit is our Sanctifier, by His dwelling in our hearts.

This doctrine of the Holy Trinity has always been affirmed and maintained by the true Church since
the time of the apostles to this very day against the Jews, Mohammedans, and some false
Christians and heretics, as Marcion, Manes, Praxeas, Sabellius, Samosatenus, Arius, and such
like, who have been justly condemned by the orthodox fathers. Therefore, in this point, we do
willingly receive the three creeds, namely, that of the Apostles, of Nicea, and of Athanasius;
likewise that which, conformable thereunto, is agreed upon by the ancient fathers. [Return to
Contents]

Article X
Jesus Christ Is True and Eternal God

We believe that Jesus Christ according to His divine nature is the only begotten Son of God,
begotten from eternity, not made, nor created (for then He would be a creature), but co-essential
and co- eternal with the Father, the very image of his substance and the effulgence of his
glory, equal unto Him in all things. He is the Son of God, not only from the time that He assumed
our nature but from all eternity, as these testimonies, when compared together, teach us. Moses
says that God created the world; and St. John says that all things were made by that Word which
he calls God. The apostle says that God made the world by His Son; likewise, that God created
all things by Jesus Christ. Therefore it must needs follow that He who is called God, the Word, the
Son, and Jesus Christ, did exist at that time when all things were created by Him. Therefore the
prophet Micah says: His goingsforth are from of old, from everlasting. And the apostle: He
hath neither beginning of days nor end of life. He therefore is that true, eternal, and almighty
God whom we invoke, worship, and serve. [Return to Contents]

Article XI
The Holy Spirit Is True and Eternal God

We believe and confess also that the Holy Spirit from eternity proceeds from the Father and the
Son; and therefore neither is made, created, nor begotten, but only proceeds from both; who in
order is the third person of the Holy Trinity; of one and the same essence, majesty, and glory with
the Father and the Son; and therefore is the true and eternal God, as the Holy Scriptures teach us.
[Return to Contents]

Article XII
The Creation of All Things, Especially the Angels

We believe that the Father by the Word, that is, by His Son, has created of nothing the heaven,
the earth, and all creatures, when it seemed good unto Him; giving unto every creature its being,
shape, form, and several offices to serve its Creator; that He also still upholds and governs them
by His eternal providence and infinite power for the service of mankind, to the end that man may
serve his God.

He also created the angels good, to be His messengers and to serve His elect; some of whom are
fallen from that excellency in which God created them into everlasting perdition, and the others
have by the grace of God remained steadfast and continued in their first state. The devils and evil
spirits are so depraved that they are enemies of God and every good thing; to the utmost of their
power as murderers watching to ruin the Church and every member thereof, and by their wicked
stratagems to destroy all; and are, therefore, by their own wickedness adjudged to eternal
damnation, daily expecting their horrible torments.

Therefore we reject and abhor the error of the Sadducees, who deny the existence of spirits and
angels; and also that of the Manichees, who assert that the devils have their origin of themselves,
and that they are wicked of their own nature, without having been corrupted. [Return to Contents]

Article XIII
The Providence of God and His Government of All Things

We believe that the same good God, after He had created all things, did not forsake them or give
them up to fortune or chance, but that He rules and governs them according to His holy will, so
that nothing happens in this world without His appointment; nevertheless, God neither is the
Author of nor can be charged with the sins which are committed. For His power and goodness
are so great and incomprehensible that He orders and executes His work in the most excellent and
just manner, even then when devils and wicked men act unjustly. And as to what He does
surpassing human understanding, we will not curiously inquire into farther than our capacity will
admit of; but with the greatest humility and reverence adore the righteous judgments of God, which
are hid from us, contenting ourselves that we are pupils of Christ, to learn only those things which
He has revealed to us in His Word, without transgress ing these limits.

This doctrine affords us unspeakable consolation, since we are taught thereby that nothing can
befall us by chance, but by the direction of our most gracious and heavenly Father; who watches
over us with a paternal care, keeping all creatures so under His power that not a hair of our
head (for they are all numbered), nor a sparrow can fall to the ground without the will of
our Father, in whom we do entirely trust; being persuaded that He so restrains the devil and all
our enemies that without His will and permission they cannot hurt us.

And therefore we reject that damnable error of the Epicureans, who say that God regards nothing
but leaves all things to chance. [Return to Contents]

Article XIV
The Creation and Fall of Man, and His Incapacity to Perform What Is Truly Good

We believe that God created man out of the dust of the earth, and made and formed him after His
own image and likeness, good, righteous, and holy, capable in all things to will agreeably to the will
of God. But being in honor, he understood it not, neither knew his excellency, but wilfully
subjected himself to sin and consequently to death and the curse, giving ear to the words of the
devil. For the command ment of life, which he had received, he transgressed; and by sin separated
himself from God, who was his true life; having corrupted his whole nature; whereby he made
himself liable to corporal and spiritual death. And being thus become wicked, perverse, and
corrupt in all his ways, he has lost all his excellent gifts which he had received from God, and
retained only small remains thereof, which, however, are sufficient to leave man without excuse;
for all the light which is in us is changed into darkness, as the Scriptures teach us, saying: The light
shineth in the darkness, and the darkness apprehended it not; where St. John calls men
darkness.

Therefore we reject all that is taught repugnant to this concerning the free will of man, since man is
but a slave to sin, and can receive nothing, except it have been given him from heaven. For
who may presume to boast that he of himself can do any good, since Christ says: No man can
come to me, except the Father that sent me draw him? Who will glory in his own will, who
understands that the mind of the flesh is enmity against God? Who can speak of his
knowledge, since the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God? In short, who
dares suggest any thought, since he knows that we are not sufficient of ourselves to account
anything as of ourselves, but that our sufficiency is of God? And therefore what the apostle
says ought justly to be held sure and firm, that God worketh in us both to will and to work, for
his good pleasure. For there is no understanding nor will conformable to the divine understand ing
and will but what Christ has wrought in man; which He teaches us, when He says: Apart from me
ye can do nothing. [Return to Contents]

Article XV
Original Sin

We believe that through the disobedience of Adam original sin is extended to all mankind; which is
a corruption of the whole nature and a hereditary disease, wherewith even infants in their mothers
womb are infected, and which produces in man all sorts of sin, being in him as a root thereof, and
therefore is so vile and abominable in the sight of God that it is sufficient to condemn all mankind.
Nor is it altogether abolished or wholly eradicated even by regeneration; since sin always issues
forth from this woeful source, as water from a fountain; notwithstanding it is not imputed to the
children of God unto condemnation, but by His grace and mercy is forgiven them. Not that they
should rest securely in sin, but that a sense of this corruption should make believers often to sigh,
desiring to be delivered from this body of death.

Wherefore we reject the error of the Pelagians, who assert that sin proceeds only from imitation.
[Return to Contents]

Article XVI
Eternal Election

We believe that, all the posterity of Adam being thus fallen into perdition and ruin by the sin of our
first parents, God then did manifest Himself such as He is; that is to say, merciful and just:
merciful, since He delivers and preserves from this perdition all whom He in His eternal and
unchangeable counsel of mere goodness has elected in Christ Jesus our Lord, without any respect
to their works; just, in leaving others in the fall and perdition wherein they have involved
themselves. [Return to Contents]

Article XVII
The Recovery of Fallen Man

We believe that our most gracious God, in His admirable wisdom and goodness, seeing that man
had thus thrown himself into physical and spiritual death and made himself wholly miserable, was
pleased to seek and comfort him, when he trembling fled from His presence, promising him that
He would give His Son (who would be born of a woman) to bruise the head of the serpentand
to make him blessed. [Return to Contents]

Article XVIII
The Incarnation of Jesus Christ

We confess, therefore, that God has fulfilled the promise which He made to the fathers by the
mouth of His holy prophets, when He sent into the world, at the time appointed by Him, His own
only- begotten and eternal Son, who took upon Him the form of a servant and became like
unto man, really assuming the true human nature with all its infirmities, sin excepted; being
conceived in the womb of the blessed virgin Mary by the power of the Holy Spirit without the
means of man; and did not only assume human nature as to the body, but also a true human soul,
that He might be a real man. For since the soul was lost as well as the body, it was necessary that
He should take both upon Him, to save both.

Therefore we confess (in opposition to the heresy of the Anabaptists, who deny that Christ
assumed human flesh of His mother) that Christ partook of the flesh and blood of the children;
that He is a fruit of the loins of David after the flesh; born of the seed of David according to
the flesh; a fruit of the womb of Mary; born of a woman; a branch of David; a shoot of the
root of Jesse; sprung from the tribe of Judah; descended from the Jews according to the flesh;
of the seed of Abraham, since (A.V.) he took on him the seed of Abraham, and was made like
unto his brethren in all things, sin excepted; so that in truth He is our IMMANUEL, that is to
say, God with us. [Return to Contents]

Article XIX
The Union and Distinction of the Two Natures in the Person of Christ

We believe that by this conception the person of the Son is inseparably united and connected with
the human nature; so that there are not two Sons of God, nor two persons, but two natures united
in one single person; yet each nature retains its own distinct properties. As, then, the divine nature
has always remained uncreated, without beginning of days or end of life, filling heaven and earth,
so also has the human nature not lost its properties but remained a creature, having beginning of
days, being a finite nature, and retaining all the properties of a real body. And though He has by
His resurrection given immortality to the same, nevertheless He has not changed the reality of His
human nature; forasmuch as our salvation and resurrection also depend on the reality of His body.
But these two natures are so closely united in one person that they were not separated even by
His death. Therefore that which He, when dying, commended into the hands of His Father, was a
real human spirit, departing from His body. But in the meantime the divine nature always remained
united with the human, even when He lay in the grave; and the Godhead did not cease to be in
Him, any more than it did when He was an infant, though it did not so clearly manifest itself for a
while. Wherefore we confess that He is very God and very man: very God by His power to
conquer death; and very man that He might die for us according to the infirmity of His flesh.
[Return to Contents]

Article XX
God Has Manifested His Justice and Mercy in Christ

We believe that God, who is perfectly merciful and just, sent His Son to assume that nature in
which the disobedience was committed, to make satisfaction in the same, and to bear the
punishment of sin by His most bitter passion and death. God therefore manifested His justice
against His Son when He laid our iniquities upon Him, and poured forth His mercy and goodness
on us, who were guilty and worthy of damnation, out of mere and perfect love, giving His Son
unto death for us, and raising Him for our justification, that through Him we might obtain
immortality and life eternal. [Return to Contents]

Article XXI
The Satisfaction of Christ, Our Only High Priest, for Us

We believe that Jesus Christ is ordained with an oath to be an everlasting High Priest, after the
order of Melchizedek; and that He has presented Himself in our behalf before the Father, to
appease His wrath by His full satisfaction, by offering Himself on the tree of the cross, and pouring
out His precious blood to purge away our sins, as the prophets had foretold. For it is written: He
was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement of
our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. He was led as a lamb to the
slaughter, and numbered with the transgressors; and condemned by Pontius Pilate as a
malefactor, though he had first declared Him innocent. Therefore, He restored that which he
took not away, and suffered, the righteous for the unrighteous, as well in His body as in His
soul, feeling the terrible punishment which our sins had merited; insomuch that his sweat became
as it were great drops of blood falling down upon the ground. He called out: My God, my
God, why hast thou forsaken me? and has suffered all this for the remission of our sins.

Wherefore we justly say with the apostle Paul that we know nothing save Jesus Christ, and him
crucified; we count all things but loss and refuse for the excellency of the knowledge of
Christ Jesus our Lord, in whose wounds we find all manner of consolation. Neither is it
necessary to seek or invent any other means of being reconciled to God than this only sacrifice,
once offered, by which he hath perfected forever them that are sanctified. This is also the
reason why He was called by the angel of God, JESUS, that is to say, SAVIOR, because He
would save his people from their sins. [Return to Contents]

Article XXII
Our Justification Through Faith in Jesus Christ

We believe that, to attain the true knowledge of this great mystery, the Holy Spirit kindles in our
hearts an upright faith, which embraces Jesus Christ with all His merits, appropriates Him, and
seeks nothing more besides Him. For it must needs follow, either that all things which are requisite
to our salvation are not in Jesus Christ, or if all things are in Him, that then those who possess
Jesus Christ through faith have complete salvation in Him. Therefore, for any to assert that Christ
is not sufficient, but that something more is required besides Him, would be too gross a
blasphemy; for hence it would follow that Christ was but half a Savior.

Therefore we justly say with Paul, that we are justified by faith alone, or by faith apart from
works. However, to speak more clearly, we do not mean that faith itself justifies us, for it is only
an instrument with which we embrace Christ our righteousness. But Jesus Christ, imputing to us all
His merits, and so many holy works which He has done for us and in our stead, is our
righteousness. And faith is an instrument that keeps us in communion with Him in all His benefits,
which, when they become ours, are more than sufficient to acquit us of our sins. [Return to
Contents]

Article XXIII
Wherein Our Justification Before God Consists

We believe that our salvation consists in the remission of our sins for Jesus Christs sake, and that
therein our righteousness before God is implied; as David and Paul teach us, declaring this to be
the blessedness of man that God imputes righteousness to him apart from works. And the
same apostle says that we are justified freely by his grace, through the redemption that is in
Christ Jesus.

And therefore we always hold fast this foundation, ascribing all the glory to God, humbling
ourselves before Him, and acknowledging ourselves to be such as we really are, without
presuming to trust in anything in ourselves, or in any merit of ours, relying and resting upon the
obedience of Christ crucified alone, which becomes ours when we believe in Him. This is sufficient
to cover all our iniquities, and to give us confidence in approaching to God; freeing the conscience
of fear, terror, and dread, without following the example of our first father, Adam, who, trembling,
attempted to cover himself with fig-leaves. And, verily, if we should appear before God, relying on
ourselves or on any other creature, though ever so little, we should, alas! be consumed. And
therefore every one must pray with David: O Jehovah, enter not into judgment with thy
servant: for in thy sight no man living is righteous. [Return to Contents]

Article XXIV
Mans Sanctification and Good Works

We believe that this true faith, being wrought in man by the hearing of the Word of God and the
operation of the Holy Spirit, sanctifies him and makes him a new man, causing him to live a new
life, and freeing him from the bondage of sin. Therefore it is so far from being true that this
justifying faith makes men remiss in a pious and holy life, that on the contrary without it they would
never do anything out of love to God, but only out of self-love or fear of damnation. Therefore it is
impossible that this holy faith can be unfruitful in man; for we do not speak of a vain faith, but of
such a faith which is called in Scripture a faith working through love, which excites man to the
practice of those works which God has commanded in His Word.

These works, as they proceed from the good root of faith, are good and acceptable in the sight of
God, forasmuch as they are all sanctified by His grace. Nevertheless they are of no account
towards our justification, for it is by faith in Christ that we are justified, even before we do good
works; otherwise they could not be good works, any more than the fruit of a tree can be good
before the tree itself is good.

Therefore we do good works, but not to merit by them (for what can we merit?); nay, we are
indebted to God for the good works we do, and not He to us, since it is He who worketh in us
both to will and to work, for his good pleasure. Let us therefore attend to what is written:
When ye shall have done all the things that are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable
servants; we have done that which it was our duty to do. In the meantime we do not deny that
God rewards good works, but it is through His grace that He crowns His gifts.

Moreover, though we do good works, we do not found our salvation upon them; for we can do
no work but what is polluted by our flesh, and also punishable; and although we could perform
such works, still the remembrance of one sin is sufficient to make God reject them. Thus, then, we
would always be in doubt, tossed to and fro without any certainty, and our poor consciences
would be continually vexed if they relied not on the merits of the suffering and death of our Savior.
[Return to Contents]

Article XXV
The Abolishing of the Ceremonial Law

We believe that the ceremonies and symbols of the law ceased at the coming of Christ, and that all
the shadows are accomplished; so that the use of them must be abolished among Christians; yet
the truth and substance of them remain with us in Jesus Christ, in whom they have their
completion. In the meantime we still use the testimonies taken out of the law and the prophets to
confirm us in the doctrine of the gospel, and to regulate our life in all honorableness to the glory of
God, according to His will. [Return to Contents]

Article XXVI
Christs Intercession

We believe that we have no access unto God but alone through the only Mediator and Advocate,
Jesus Christ the righteous; who therefore became man, having united in one person the divine and
human natures, that we men might have access to the divine Majesty, which access would
otherwise be barred against us. But this Mediator, whom the Father has appointed between Him
and us, ought in no wise to affright us by His majesty, or cause us to seek another according to
our fancy. For there is no creature, either in heaven or on earth, who loves us more than Jesus
Christ; who, though existing in the form of God, yet emptied himself, being made in the
likeness of men and of a servant for us, and in all things was made like unto his brethren. If,
then, we should seek for another mediator who would be favorably inclined towards us, whom
could we find who loved us more than He who laid down His life for us, even while we were his
enemies? And if we seek for one who has power and majesty, who is there that has so much of
both as He who sits at the right hand of God and to whom hath been given all authority in
heaven and on earth? And who will sooner be heard than the own well beloved Son of God?

Therefore it was only through distrust that this practice of dishonoring, instead of honoring, the
saints was introduced, doing that which they never have done nor required, but have on the
contrary steadfastly rejected according to their bounden duty, as appears by their writings. Neither
must we plead here our unworthiness; for the meaning is not that we should offer our prayers to
God on the ground of our own worthiness, but only on the ground of the excellency and
worthiness of the Lord Jesus Christ, whose righteousness is become ours by faith.

Therefore the apostle, to remove this foolish fear, or rather distrust, from us, rightly says that Jesus
Christ in all things was made like unto his brethren, that he might become a merciful and
faithful high priest, to make propitiation for the sins of the people. For in that he himself
hath suffered being tempted, he is able to succor them that are tempted. And further to
encourage us to go to Him, he says: Having then a great high priest, who hath passed through
the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our confession. For we have not a high
priest that cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but one that hath been in
all points tempted like aswe are, yet without sin. Let us therefore draw near with boldness
unto the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy, and may find grace to help us in time
of need. The same apostle says: Having boldness to enter into the holy place by the blood of
Jesus, let us draw near with a true heart in fullness of faith, etc. Likewise: Christ hath his
priesthood unchangeable; wherefore also he is able to save to the uttermost them that draw
near unto God through him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.

What more can be required? since Christ Himself says: I am the way, and the truth, and the
life: no one cometh unto the Father, but by me. To what purpose should we, then, seek
another advocate, since it has pleased God to give us His own Son as an Advocate? Let us not
forsake Him to take another, or rather to seek after another, without ever being able to find him;
for God well knew, when He gave Him to us, that we were sinners.

Therefore, according to the command of Christ, we call upon the heavenly Father through Jesus
Christ our only Mediator, as we are taught in the Lords Prayer; being assured that whatever we
ask of the Father in His Name will be granted us. [Return to Contents]

Article XXVII
The Catholic Christian Church

We believe and profess one catholic or universal Church, which is a holy congregation of true
Christian believers, all expecting their salvation in Jesus Christ, being washed by His blood,
sanctified and sealed by the Holy Spirit.

This Church has been from the beginning of the world, and will be to the end thereof; which is
evident from this that Christ is an eternal King, which without subjects He cannot be. And this holy
Church is preserved or supported by God against the rage of the whole world; though it
sometimes for a while appears very small, and in the eyes of men to be reduced to nothing; as
during the perilous reign of Ahab the Lord reserved unto Him seven thousand men who had not
bowed their knees to Baal.

Furthermore, this holy Church is not confined, bound, or limited to a certain place or to certain
persons, but is spread and dispersed over the whole world; and yet is joined and united with heart
and will, by the power of faith, in one and the same Spirit. [Return to Contents]

Article XXVIII
Every One Is Bound to Join Himself to the True Church

We believe, since this holy congregation is an assembly of those who are saved, and outside of it
there is no salvation, that no person of whatsoever state or condition he may be, ought to
withdraw from it, content to be by himself; but that all men are in duty bound to join and unite
themselves with it; maintaining the unity of the Church; submitting themselves to the doctrine and
discipline thereof; bowing their necks under the yoke of Jesus Christ; and as mutual members of
the same body, serving to the edification of the brethren, according to the talents God has given
them.

And that this may be the more effectually observed, it is the duty of all believers, according to the
Word of God, to separate themselves from all those who do not belong to the Church, and to join
themselves to this congregation, wheresoever God has established it, even though the magistrates
and edicts of princes were against it, yea, though they should suffer death or any other corporal
punishment. Therefore all those who separate themselves from the same or do not join themselves
to it act contrary to the ordinance of God. [Return to Contents]

Article XXIX
The Marks of the True Church, and Wherein it Differs from the False Church

We believe that we ought diligently and circumspectly to discern from the Word of God which is
the true Church, since all sects which are in the world assume to themselves the name of the
Church. But we speak not here of hypocrites, who are mixed in the Church with the good, yet are
not of the Church, though externally in it; but we say that the body and communion of the true
Church must be distinguished from all sects that call themselves the Church.

The marks by which the true Church is known are these: If the pure doctrine of the gospel is
preached therein; if it maintains the pure administration of the sacraments as instituted by Christ; if
church discipline is exercised in chastening of sin; in short, if all things are managed according to
the pure Word of God, all things contrary thereto rejected, and Jesus Christ acknowledged as the
only Head of the Church. Hereby the true Church may certainly be known, from which no man
has a right to separate himself.

With respect to those who are members of the Church, they may be known by the marks of
Christians; namely, by faith, and when, having received Jesus Christ the only Savior, they avoid
sin, follow after righteousness, love the true God and their neighbor, neither turn aside to the right
or left, and crucify the flesh with the works thereof. But this is not to be understood as if there did
not remain in them great infirmities; but they fight against them through the Spirit all the days of
their life, continually taking their refuge in the blood, death, passion, and obedience of our Lord
Jesus Christ, in whom they have remission of sins, through faith in Him.

As for the false Church, it ascribes more power and authority to itself and its ordinances than to
the Word of God, and will not submit itself to the yoke of Christ. Neither does it administer the
sacra ments as appointed by Christ in His Word, but adds to and takes from them, as it thinks
proper; it relies more upon men than upon Christ; and persecutes those who live holily according
to the Word of God and rebuke it for its errors, covetousness, and idolatry.

These two Churches are easily known and distinguished from each other. [Return to Contents]

Article XXX
The Government of the Church and its Offices

We believe that this true Church must be governed by that spiritual polity which our Lord has
taught us in His Word; namely, that there must be ministers or pastors to preach the Word of God
and to administer the sacraments; also elders and deacons, who, together with the pastors, form
the council of the Church; that by these means the true religion may be preserved, and the true
doctrine everywhere propagated, likewise transgressors chastened and restrained by spiritual
means; also that the poor and distressed may be relieved and comforted, according to their
necessities. By these means everything will be carried on in the Church with good order and
decency, when faithful men are chosen, according to the rule prescribed by St. Paul in his Epistle
to Timothy. [Return to Contents]

Article XXXI
The Ministers, Elders, and Deacons

We believe that the ministers of Gods Word, the elders, and the deacons ought to be chosen to
their respective offices by a lawful election by the Church, with calling upon the name of the Lord,
and in that order which the Word of God teaches. Therefore every one must take heed not to
intrude himself by improper means, but is bound to wait till it shall please God to call him; that he
may have testimony of his calling, and be certain and assured that it is of the Lord.

As for the ministers of Gods Word, they have equally the same power and authority wheresoever
they are, as they are all ministers of Christ, the only universal Bishop and the only Head of the
Church.

Moreover, in order that this holy ordinance of God may not be violated or slighted, we say that
every one ought to esteem the ministers of Gods Word and the elders of the Church very highly
for their works sake, and be at peace with them without murmuring, strife, or contention, as much
as possible. [Return to Contents]

Article XXXII
The Order and Discipline of the Church

In the meantime we believe, though it is useful and beneficial that those who are rulers of the
Church institute and establish certain ordinances among themselves for maintaining the body of the
Church, yet that they ought studiously to take care that they do not depart from those things which
Christ, our only Master, has instituted. And therefore we reject all human inventions, and all laws
which man would introduce into the worship of God, thereby to bind and compel the conscience
in any manner whatever. Therefore we admit only of that which tends to nourish and preserve
concord and unity, and to keep all men in obedience to God. For this purpose, excommunication
or church discipline is requisite, with all that pertains to it, according to the Word of God. [Return
to Contents]

Article XXXIII
The Sacraments

We believe that our gracious God, taking account of our weakness and infirmities, has ordained
the sacraments for us, thereby to seal unto us His promises, and to be pledges of the good will and
grace of God towards us, and also to nourish and strengthen our faith; which He has joined to the
Word of the gospel, the better to present to our senses both that which He declares to us by His
Word and that which He works inwardly in our hearts, thereby confirming in us the salvation
which He imparts to us. For they are visible signs and seals of an inward and invisible thing, by
means whereof God works in us by the power of the Holy Spirit. Therefore the signs are not
empty or meaningless, so as to deceive us. For Jesus Christ is the true object presented by them,
without whom they would be of no moment.

Moreover, we are satisfied with the number of sacraments which Christ our Lord has instituted,
which are two only, namely, the sacrament of baptism and the holy supper of our Lord Jesus
Christ. [Return to Contents]

Article XXXIV
Holy Baptism

We believe and confess that Jesus Christ, who is the end of the law, has made an end, by the
shedding of His blood, of all other sheddings of blood which men could or would make as a
propitiation or satisfaction for sin; and that He, having abolished circumcision, which was done
with blood, has instituted the sacrament of baptism instead thereof; by which we are received into
the Church of God, and separated from all other people and strange religions, that we may wholly
belong to Him whose mark and ensign we bear; and which serves as a testimony to us that He will
forever be our gracious God and Father.

Therefore He has commanded all those who are His to be baptized with pure water, into the
name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, thereby signifying to us, that as
water washes away the filth of the body when poured upon it, and is seen on the body of the
baptized when sprinkled upon him, so does the blood of Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit
internally sprinkle the soul, cleanse it from its sins, and regenerate us from children of wrath unto
children of God. Not that this is effected by the external water, but by the sprinkling of the
precious blood of the Son of God; who is our Red Sea, through which we must pass to escape
the tyranny of Pharaoh, that is, the devil, and to enter into the spiritual land of Canaan.

The ministers, therefore, on their part administer the sacrament and that which is visible, but our
Lord gives that which is signified by the sacrament, namely, the gifts and invisible grace; washing,
cleansing, and purging our souls of all filth and unrighteousness; renewing our hearts and filling
them with all comfort; giving unto us a true assurance of His fatherly goodness; putting on us the
new man, and putting off the old man with all his deeds.

We believe, therefore, that every man who is earnestly studious of obtaining life eternal ought to be
baptized but once with this only baptism, without ever repeating the same, since we cannot be
born twice. Neither does this baptism avail us only at the time when the water is poured upon us
and received by us, but also through the whole course of our life.

Therefore we detest the error of the Anabaptists, who are not content with the one only baptism
they have once received, and moreover condemn the baptism of the infants of believers, who we
believe ought to be baptized and sealed with the sign of the covenant, as the children in Israel
formerly were circumcised upon the same promises which are made unto our children. And indeed
Christ shed His blood no less for the washing of the children of believers than for adult persons;
and therefore they ought to receive the sign and sacrament of that which Christ has done for them;
as the Lord commanded in the law that they should be made partakers of the sacrament of Christs
suffering and death shortly after they were born, by offering for them a lamb, which was a
sacrament of Jesus Christ. Moreover, what circumcision was to the Jews, baptism is to our
children. And for this reason St. Paul calls baptism the circumcision of Christ. [Return to
Contents]

Article XXXV
The Holy Supper of Our Lord Jesus Christ

We believe and confess that our Savior Jesus Christ did ordain and institute the sacrament of the
holy supper to nourish and support those whom He has already regenerated and incorporated into
His family, which is His Church.

Now those who are regenerated have in them a twofold life, the one corporal and temporal, which
they have from the first birth and is common to all men; the other, spiritual and heavenly, which is
given them in their second birth, which is effected by the Word of the gospel, in the communion of
the body of Christ; and this life is not common, but is peculiar to Gods elect. In like manner God
has given us, for the support of the bodily and earthly life, earthly and common bread, which is
subservient thereto and is common to all men, even as life itself. But for the support of the spiritual
and heavenly life which believers have He has sent a living bread, which descended from heaven,
namely, Jesus Christ, who nourishes and strengthens the spiritual life of believers when they eat
Him, that is to say, when they appropriate and receive Him by faith in the spirit.

In order that He might represent unto us this spiritual and heavenly bread, Christ has instituted an
earthly and visible bread as a sacrament of His body, and wine as a sacrament of His blood, to
testify by them unto us that, as certainly as we receive and hold this sacrament in our hands and
eat and drink the same with our mouths, by which our life is afterwards nourished, we also do as
certainly receive by faith (which is the hand and mouth of our soul) the true body and blood of
Christ our only Savior in our souls, for the support of our spiritual life.

Now, as it is certain and beyond all doubt that Jesus Christ has not enjoined to us the use of His
sacraments in vain, so He works in us all that He represents to us by these holy signs, though the
manner surpasses our understanding and cannot be comprehended by us, as the operations of the
Holy Spirit are hidden and incomprehensible. In the meantime we err not when we say that what is
eaten and drunk by us is the proper and natural body and the proper blood of Christ. But the
manner of our partaking of the same is not by the mouth, but by the spirit through faith. Thus, then,
though Christ always sits at the right hand of His Father in the heavens, yet does He not therefore
cease to make us partakers of Himself by faith. This feast is a spiritual table, at which Christ
communicates Himself with all His benefits to us, and gives us there to enjoy both Himself and the
merits of His sufferings and death: nourishing, strengthening, and comforting our poor comfortless
souls by the eating of His flesh, quickening and refreshing them by the drinking of His blood.

Further, though the sacraments are connected with the thing signified nevertheless both are not
received by all men. The ungodly indeed receives the sacrament to his condemnation, but he does
not receive the truth of the sacrament, even as Judas and Simon the sorcerer both indeed received
the sacrament but not Christ who was signified by it, of whom believers only are made partakers.

Lastly, we receive this holy sacrament in the assembly of the people of God, with humility and
reverence, keeping up among us a holy remembrance of the death of Christ our Savior, with
thanksgiving, making there confession of our faith and of the Christian religion. Therefore no one
ought to come to this table without having previously rightly examined himself, lest by eating of this
bread and drinking of this cup he eat and drink judgment to himself. In a word, we are moved by
the use of this holy sacrament to a fervent love towards God and our neighbor.

Therefore we reject all mixtures and damnable inventions which men have added unto and
blended with the sacraments, as profanations of them; and affirm that we ought to rest satisfied
with the ordinance which Christ and His apostles have taught us, and that we must speak of them
in the same manner as they have spoken. [Return to Contents]

Article XXXVI
The Magistracy (Civil Government)

We believe that our gracious God, because of the depravity of mankind, has appointed kings,
princes, and magistrates; willing that the world should be governed by certain laws and policies; to
the end that the dissoluteness of men might be restrained, and all things carried on among them
with good order and decency. For this purpose He has invested the magistracy with the sword
for the punishment of evil-doers and for the protection of them that do well.

Their office is not only to have regard unto and watch for the welfare of the civil state, but also to
protect the sacred ministry, that the kingdom of Christ may thus be promoted. They must therefore
countenance the preaching of the Word of the gospel everywhere, that God may be honored and
worshipped by every one, as He commands in His Word.

Moreover, it is the bounden duty of every one, of whatever state, quality, or condition he may be,
to subject himself to the magistrates; to pay tribute, to show due honor and respect to them, and
to obey them in all things which are not repugnant to the Word of God; to supplicate for them in
their prayers that God may rule and guide them in all their ways, and that we may lead a tranquil
and quiet life in all godliness and gravity.

Wherefore we detest the Anabaptists and other seditious people, and in general all those who
reject the higher powers and magistrates and would subvert justice, introduce community of
goods, and confound that decency and good order which God has established among men.
[Return to Contents]

Article XXXVII
The Last Judgment

Finally, we believe, according to the Word of God, when the time appointed by the Lord (which is
unknown to all creatures) is come and the number of the elect complete, that our Lord Jesus
Christ will come from heaven, corporally and visibly, as He ascended, with great glory and
majesty to declare Himself Judge of the living and the dead, burning this old world with fire and
flame to cleanse it.

Then all men will personally appear before this great Judge, both men and women and children,
that have been from the beginning of the world to the end thereof, being summoned by the voice
of the archangel, and by the sound of the trump of God. For all the dead shall be raised out of
the earth, and their souls joined and united with their proper bodies in which they formerly lived.
As for those who shall then be living, they shall not die as the others, but be changed in the
twinkling of an eye, and from corruptible become incorruptible. Then the books shall be opened,
and the dead judged according to what they shall have done in this world, whether it be good or
evil. Nay, all men shall give account of every idle word they have spoken, which the world
only counts amusement and jest; and then the secrets and hypocrisy of men shall be disclosed and
laid open before all.

And therefore the consideration of this judgment is justly terrible and dreadful to the wicked and
ungodly, but most desirable and comfortable to the righteous and elect; because then their full
deliver ance shall be perfected, and there they shall receive the fruits of their labor and trouble
which they have borne. Their innocence shall be known to all, and they shall see the terrible
vengeance which God shall execute on the wicked, who most cruelly persecuted, oppressed, and
tormented them in this world, and who shall be convicted by the testimony of their own
consciences, and shall become immortal, but only to be tormented in the eternal fire which is
prepared for the devil and his angels.

But on the contrary, the faithful and elect shall be crowned with glory and honor; and the Son of
God will confess their names before God His Father and His elect angels; all tears shall be wiped
from their eyes; and their cause which is now condemned by many judges and magistrates as
heretical and impious will then be known to be the cause of the Son of God. And for a gracious
reward, the Lord will cause them to possess such a glory as never entered into the heart of man to
conceive.

Therefore we expect that great day with a most ardent desire, to the end that we may fully enjoy
the promises of God in Christ Jesus our Lord. AMEN. Amen, come, Lord Jesus. Rev. 22:20.
[Return to Contents]